TEKNIKAL 24 Buletin Geospatial Sektor Awam United States: USGS USGS geospatial data has no download limitations. Data is public domain, requiring no copyright permission, though crediting "U.S. Geological Survey" or "Department of the Interior/USGS" is appreciated. No warranty or liability is provided for data accuracy or completeness. Canada: NRCan NRCan’s GeoGratis platform data has no download limits and follows the Open Government License - Canada (OGL-Canada), allowing free use and modification with attribution to NRCan. Data is provided "as is" without warranties. Switzerland: Swisstopo Swisstopo allows unlimited file-based downloads with proper attribution under the Open Government Data (OGD) Strategy. The data is free of charge and can be used for any purpose. No warranties are provided for data accuracy or completeness. In summary, all three (3) countries o er open access with no download limits. The U.S. data is public domain, while Canadian and Swiss data follow OGL-Canada and the Swiss OGD Strategy. All disclaim liability for data accuracy, leaving verification to users. Based on the findings, Malaysia can improve geospatial data accessibility and usage by learning from the USGS, NRCan, and Swisstopo as follows: Diverse Datasets: O ering a variety of open geospatial datasets, including historical maps, to cater to a broader range of users and applications. Clear Policies: Adopting clear and transparent policies regarding download limits and usage restrictions to enhance user understanding and access. Open Access: Making geospatial data open-access and placing it in the public domain to encourage wider usage and easier access for various stakeholders. Policies Figure 5 Swisstopo’s Digital Height Model of 25 meters interval (DHM25) Elevation Data: The U.S. and Switzerland meet all framework elements, o ering high-resolution products in multiple formats. Canada o ers products in raster format only, with a top resolution of 2 meters and GeoTIFF format. Figure 5 shows an example of elevation data product from the Swisstopo, Switzerland, available for free download in Shapefile format from their website. It is a 1.56-gigabyte vector dataset, with a 25-meter grid spacing, accurately represents the relief of the whole Swiss landscape. Boundary Data: Only Switzerland o ers multiple products in both vector and raster formats. The U.S. and Canada provide only vector products. While the U.S. and Switzerland include both national and state boundaries, Canada o ers national boundaries only. All three (3) countries provide data in multiple file formats. An example of boundary data is shown in Figure 6, featuring a 33.3-megabyte administrative features dataset downloaded from GeoGratis, NRCan, available in Shapefile and File Geodatabase (FGDB) formats. Figure 6 Canada’s administrative features dataset
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