Distance in a coordinate system, northwards (positive) or southwards (negative) from an east-west reference line.

an adjustment of geodetic measurements that provides the horizontal reference for North America. The 1927 Datum held Mead's Ranch, Kansas as a fixed point, while the 1983 Datum performed a simultaneous adjustment of all measurements. 1927 uses the Clarke's ellipsoid, while 1983 uses the 1980 Geodetic Reference System. The plural of a geodetic datum is 'datums', despite the Latin origins.

A conceptual database design task that involves applying data dependency to a data model to avoid data inconsistencies by prohibiting redundancy.

[cartography] A nominal scale is a types of measurement that indicates the difference between classes or categories of data.

Unwanted signal which can corrupt the measurement.

0-dimensional topological primitive.

a measurement framework based on a set of distinct spatial objects (usually instances of linear objects like roads or rivers) that connect to form a network.

Abstract structure consisting of a set of 0-dimensional objects called junctions, and a set of 1-dimensional objects called links that connect the junctions, each link being associated with a start (origin, source) junction and end (destination, sink) junction.

Geometric set containing a specified direct position in its interior and containing all direct positions within a specified distance of the specified direct position.
 

[cartography] A neat line is a cartographic element that surrounds all the data, legend, scale and other features in a map. A neat line can be solid or multiple line border that helps map readers focus on details in the map.

An enhanced version of the Route Service, which is a network-accessible service that determines travel routes and navigation information between two or more points.

Combination of routing, route traversal and tracking.

The technologies, policies and people necessary to promote sharing of geospatial data throughout all levels of government, the private and non-profit sectors, and the academic community. The goal is to reduce duplication of effort among agencies, improve quality and reduce costs related to geographic information, to make geographic data more accessible to the public, to increase the benefits of using available data, and to establish key partnerships with states, counties, cities, tribal nations, academia and the private sector to increase data availability.