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Scale

[mathematics] An affine transformation changes points, polylines, polygons in a plane by scaling, rotating, skewing, or translating coordinates in two or three-dimensional spaces.

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Spatial Analysis

The process of modeling, examining, and interpreting model results. Spatial analysis is useful for evaluating suitability and capability, for estimating and predicting, and for interpreting and understanding. 

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Scale Bar

[mathematics] A scale bar graphically shows the distance on the map with units such as kilometers or meters. Scale bars are proportional to the scale of the map.

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Snapping Environment

[editing] The snapping environment in GIS determines the distance that newly digitized points, lines and polygons will occupy the same location of existing features.

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Structured Query Language (SQL)

[map projection] SQL is a set of commands used to manage data stored in relational database management systems (RDBMS).

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Survey Station

[surveying] A position where surveys are performed from. During land surveys, survey stations make accurate measurements on the ground from these positions.

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SPOT

An earth resource satellite with high resolution sensors launched by France in January 1986.

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Scanner

A device for converting images from maps, photographs, or from part of the real world into digital form automatically.

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SQL

Structured Query Language; a standard interface for access to a relational database through queries that select records matching logical expressions.

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Spatial reference system

a mechanism to situate measurements on a geometric body, such as the Earth; establishes a point of origin, orientation of reference axes, and geometric meaning of measurements, as well as units of measure. [basis of coordinates.]

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Spatial object framework

a measurement framework that identifies a particular category, then maps the location of that object (as a point, a line or an area).

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Spatial autocorrelation

degree of correlation between a surface value and the values of its neighbors; propensity of spatial data to vary smoothly.

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Scale (measurement)

a system used to encode the results of a measurement; typically a number line, but generalized to include a list of categories.