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Georeference

To georeference something means to define its existence in physical space. That is, establishing its location in terms of map projections or coordinate systems. The term is used both when establishing the relation between raster or vector images and coordinates but also when determining the spatial location of other geographical features.

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Governance

Is all of the processes of governing, whether undertaken by a government, market or network, whether over a family, tribe, formal or informal organisation or territory and whether through the laws, norms, power or language of an organised society. 

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Geospatial Infrastructure

The information infrastructure and the institutional arrangement that a national geospatial information authority (such as MaCGDI) provides for geospatial users in implementing NSDI.

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Geography

Geography is the study of the Earth and its lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena.

Source: http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Geography

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Geoprocessing

Use of computers to acquire, analyze, store, display, and distribute information about geographic features. This includes GIS and systems for remote sensing (Earth imaging), facilities management, automated mapping, cartography, navigation, and location services.

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Greenwich Meridian (Prime Meridian)

[coordinate system] The Greenwich meridian is a line of longitude that passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England. In a geographical coordinate system, it is a line of longitude defined to be 0°.

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Geographic Coordinate System

A reference system that uses latitude and longitude to define the locations of points on the surface of a sphere or spheroid. A geographic coordinate system definition includes a datum, prime meridian, and angular unit. geographic coordinate system Illustration.

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Global Positioning System (GPS)

A satellite based device that records x,y,z coordinates and other data. Ground locations are calculated by signals from satellites orbiting the Earth. GPS devices can be taken into the field to record data while walking, driving, or flying. 

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Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI)

A set of policies, standards, practices, technologies, and relationships to facilitate the flow of geographic data and information at all levels across government, academic, and private sectors globally. A linking of National Spatial Data Infrastructures.

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Geodata

Digital data that represent the geographical location and characteristics of natural or man-made features, phenomena and boundaries of the Earth. Geodata represent abstractions of real-world entities, such as roads, buildings, vehicles, lakes, forests and countries. Geodata refers to such data in any format, including raster, vector, point, text, video, database records, etc.

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Geocoder Service

Geocoding is the process of linking words, terms and codes found in a text string to their applicable geospatial features, with known positions (i.e., usually a point with x, y coordinates but more generally any geometry), e.g. converting a street address to a geographic location. The Geocoder Service Interface allows for a request providing an address or set of addresses and returns them along with the corresponding geometry (usually a point relative to a requested spatial reference system.) The request is "sent" to a Geocoder Service, which processes the request and returns the resulting geographic feature representing position.

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Graticule

[coordinate system] Graticules are lines of latitude or longitude on a digital or hard copy map and assist in showing the geographic locations of map features.

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

[GIS dictionary] GIS is a computer-based tool that analyzes, stores, manipulates and visualizes geographic information on a map. GIS links geographic locations on Earth with attribute information enabling users to visualize patterns, understand relationships and trends.